The Poetry of Andrew Marvell and John Donne Essay - 951 Words

The Poetry of Andrew Marvell and John Donne The seventeenth century was an era of beautiful poetry. Two poets in particular, Andrew Marvell and John Donne, wrote carpe diem poetry full of vivid imagery and metaphysical conceits. Each conveyed the message of living for the now. This message can be clearly seen in the poems To his Coy Mistress by Marvell and Donne’s Flea. By using clever metaphors and meter, the poems not only are symbolic, but have almost a physical aspect to them. Though both poems take a similar approach, it is Marvell that writes the more persuasive one, reaching deep into the soul to win his object of affection. The main theme of Marvell’s poem is to seize the day. The speaker is trying to convince the†¦show more content†¦Images of deserts of vast eternity and virginity together instill the idea that it will be hard to prolong virginity, and it would be better to give in now. The poem is mostly written in iambic tetrameter, and flows softly and easily, much like a nursery rhyme. All the lines do not conform to the same format, however. While most lines contain eight syllables, some have more. Line 27 uses nine syllables, as does line 38. The switching of the meter keeps the reader on edge, and never lets the poem slip into a monotonous cycle. Not only does this technique keep the reader on its toes, but also symbolizes the spontaneous thought of the narrator, who lives very whimsically. Marvell uses spondaic meter as well as iambic. Shall sound, the last two words of line 26, are both stressed. Rough Strife, the last words of line 43, are also both stressed. The use of spondee helps to switch up the tempo of the poem and also fits the context of the lines. Lines 39-41 deal with time: Rather at once our time devour, Than languish in his slow-chapped power. Let us roll all our strength and all These lines actually produce the effect of slowing time down. Languish in his slow-chapped power rolls off of the tongue and takes effort to say. When spoken out-loud, the line reads almost as if it were in slow motion. Line 41 is almost entirely composed of stressed feet,Show MoreRelatedEmphasizing The True Meaning Of Poems By Andrew Marvell And John Donne s A Valediction : Forbidding Mourning1148 Words   |  5 PagesTrue Meaning of Poems† Around the seventeenth century the poets Andrew Marvell and John Donne expressed their feelings through poetry. Both John Donne, born in 1572 and Andrew Marvell, born in 1621 in England, are known for their ideas of metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry is a persuasive poem that uses a conceit. It focuses on imagery, paradoxes, arguments, philosophy and religion. Andrew Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,† focus on the themeRead More To His Coy Mistress Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTo His Coy Mistress Compare and Contrast â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† By John Donne. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and â€Å" To His Mistress Going to bed† are two poems that feature â€Å"carpe diem†; they are also written by two of the most well known metaphysical poets. Andrew Marvell, the author of â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and John Donne, the writer of â€Å"To His Mistress Going To Bed†. Both poems were written through the 16th and 17th Century, where love and sex were describe as two different things. 16th and 17th Read MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 PagesAwaga Grade 11 B Metaphysical Poetry According to English language, when metaphysical is divided into two words ‘meta’ is defined as after and physical remains as it is. Thus metaphysical means after the physical. The definition above was according to English language, however according to poetry is†¦. Many poets got involved in metaphysical poetry like: Samuel Johnson who wrote his book which is known as ‘’Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets’’, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvel, Richard Crashaw, GeorgeRead MoreThe Metaphysical And Victorian Concept Of Love Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesin Porphyria s Lover by Robert Browning with the playful love in nature in To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell. Love has multiple definitions and it has so far remained among the most complex subject that require a single particular definition to define its meaning. Plato once said At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet and that s why may be we have so many diverse poetry on the s ubject of love with so many different definitions of love that are available. Shakespeare wrote inRead More The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell2276 Words   |  10 PagesThe Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell John Donne and Andrew Marvell were two of the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical poets of their era. In both of the poems to which this piece of extended writing refers, highly intellectual and complex imagery is used to make us discover the hidden meanings behind their unconventional love poetry. Both poems were written at a similar period, and though both authors were similar in ways, thereRead MoreMetaphysical Poems792 Words   |  4 PagesMetaphysical Poets John Donne and Andrew Marvell were considered metaphysical poets based on their use of conceit and wit in depicting similar situations through different metaphors. They would use original analogies to create fitting and insightful comparisons, usually to persuade. John Donne and Andrew Marvell have been called metaphysical poets. This is a,† name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th century† (Metaphysical poets)† The term metaphysical poets came to be used almostRead MoreThe Flea, By Andrew Marvell996 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Donne s, The Flea, and Andrew Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress are persuasive poem in which the speaker is attempting to establish a sexual union with his significant other. These poems is spoken by a male lover to his female beloved as an attempt to convince her to sleep with him. John Donne and Marvell brings out and shapes this meaning through his collective use of conceit, rhythm, and rhyme scheme. The basic theme of the poems is the speaker’s need to turn his â€Å"coy mistress† into a â€Å"willingRead MoreComparing To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and To his Mistress Going to Bed by John Donne1511 Words   |  7 PagesMistress by Andrew Marvell and To hi s Mistress Going to Bed by John Donne In recent times I have compared and contrasted two pieces of love poetry, both of which are exceptionally lyrical and full of intellectual language that bring the poems alive with elaborated metaphors that compare dissimilar things, as they Inare equally, yet somehow individually both metaphysical poems. The first of these poems that I comprehended was To his Coy Mistress; (written by Andrew MarvellRead MoreComparison of How John Donne and Andrew Marvell Present Death in Poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X1163 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of How John Donne and Andrew Marvell Present Death in Poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X In the poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X the idea of death plays a strong part in the overall messages of the poems. Both poets use effective but very different methods in order to put forward their views and/or to make a point about society. ====================================================================== John Donnes poem Holy Sonnet X is veryRead MoreCharacteristics of Metaphysical Poetry876 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a metaphysical poem? Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man s relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but intense meditations, characterized by striking use of wit

Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland - 979 Words

Imagine living in a turbulent world, where people lived their day to day lives praying that they would see the next sunrise. That was life for villagers that lived during the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans, as well as during the medieval period when Germanic tribes ruled Europe. To help them get through their very insecure days, people would tell oral stories of great heroes, like those of Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland. Achilles was a Greek war hero who fights in the Trojan War, a ten year long war between Greece and Troy (present day Turkey). Aeneas was an epic hero in ancient Roman folklore. He was a soldier who fought in the Trojan War and after surviving the destruction of Troy, he later founded the city of Rome. Roland was an†¦show more content†¦He was described as a model medieval hero, because he was a natural Christian leader who was sent on a holy war to stop the Muslims from invading and converting France. He was a noble Frenchman, who died at the hand of p ower and land hungry, Islamic forces. At the end of the story, it is said that he died while he was chasing away the pagans. To this day, in the 21st century, homo sapiens still write stories about heroes that will save them and society. The number one characteristic that describes a hero is one that has a Stoic sense of duty that can overcome the desire for personal fulfillment. Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland were all created to create personal comfort for their people that lived in such a hectic and dangerous world. These three protagonists who were viewed by their cultures as gods also showed their people that they did portray human characterists (two out of the three even die) and that anyone can be like them if they tried. In a way they were used to inspire their respective residents to be better civilians in their community. If everyone could follow that, than living in a turbulent world would go from reality toShow MoreRelatedSummaries of Indapatra and Sulayaman, the Song of Ro land and Iliad2416 Words   |  10 Pagesplant withered and it means that Sulayman died * He removed the wings and he prayed to Bathala. * And the hero ressurected The Song of Roland A French Epic Author * Since the song of Roland is the oldest surviving major work of French Literature, there is no evidence about the author * It is written from 12th to 14th Century The song of Roland is attributed to... * France, specifically, the story told in the poem is based on a historical incident, the  Battle of Roncevaux Pass  onRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame the basis of democracy. 7. The Divine Comedy: (A Dante of Italy). This shows the religion and customs of early Italians. 8. El Cid Comedy: This shows the cultural characteristics of Spaniards and their national theory. 9. The Song of Roland: This includes the Doce Pares and Ronces Valles of France. It tells about the Golden Age of Christianity in France. 10. The Book of the Dead: This includes the cult of Osiris and the Mythology and theology of Egypt. 11. The Book of the Days:Read MoreBiography Of Ancient Greek Poet Homer2350 Words   |  10 Pagesthat the Iliad was the work of Homer s childhood and the Odyssey of his development. This basic yet intense recognition represents the wide divergences in good and religious tone between the two. The Iliad is the appalling story of the respectable Achilles, who impeccably encapsulates the antiquated Greek beliefs of brave direct additionally experiences the human failings of pride and outrage. The Grecian armed force is partitioned by quibbling, numerous commendable men are murdered, and even the divine

Epic theatre Free Essays

The only form that can grasp the processes which drama needs to grasp if it Is to provide an all-encompassing view of the world† BB’s ‘all-encompassing view of the world’ was Marxism. Epic Theatre derives from Greek. Epos, story. We will write a custom essay sample on Epic theatre or any similar topic only for you Order Now A form of theatre which self consciously narrates. Estrangement effect = estrangement/alienation effect: distancing the viewer from the action; encouraging rational thought and analysis; reducing emotional catharsis. Aristotelian Theatre / non-Aristotelian Theatre. Term derives from Aristotle’s Poetics. A. formulated an aestheuc based on catharsis, ( = purging of emotion through empathy), hence BB’s description of his Epic Theatre as â€Å"non-Aristotelian Theatre†. Epic Theatre = Historicised theatre, theatre about the present, but not set In the present. (Distanclatlon) verfremdungseffekt (V-Effekt): Entfremdung both equal alienation. But? Estrangement aims to facilitate rationality, reason, reflection; militate against empathy and catharsis; learning either from or against characters; making politics into art: â€Å"The politicisation of aesthetics and the aesthetlclsatlon of politics. â€Å" BB was also a great manipulator of genre. Adaptations, parodies, allegories, parables (political not moral e. g. Arturo Ui). 1 . PARODY: Keeping an existing cultural form, but inserting a different content. The Threepenny Opera (1928): an opera peopled by beggars, gangsters ; prostitutes 2. TRAVESTY ( = disguise): retaining a familiar existing content, but delivering It In a new or different form. Two examples: The Sex Pistols’ punk version of God Save the Queen. The credits’ music at the end of Michael Moore’s Bowling for Columbine? : the Ramones upbeat version of Wonderful world originally recorded by Louis Armstrong. Why is that travesty, and what’s the effect in the context of the film and Its subject matter (crime, racism and the gun-culture in the LISA)? 3. PARABLE: â€Å"Narration by analogy. A didactic narrative conveying a moral truth or message in another guise. † M. H. Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms, London, 1988. Compared to Kafka’s parables (e. g. Before the Law? 4. ALLEGORY: â€Å"A narrative in which the agents and action, and sometimes the setting as well, are contrived so as to make coherent sense on the ‘literal’, or primary level of significance, and also to signify a second, corresponding order of agents, concepts and events†. M. H. Abrams, ibid. The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1941) reflects in parabolic form events in Germany 1929- 1939. Allusion, rather than direct one-to-one reference. Apparently/superficially about gangsters in 1930s Chicago, but actually about fascism’s rise to power in Germany. Hitler as A1 Capone, Nazi politicians as 1930s Chicago gangsters, but talking in classical metre ands presented as if in a classical tragedy. Also a parable, with a political moral: ‘The womb is still fertile†. Donmar Warehouse London, 2008: Arturo I as Robert Mugabe. . As parables by definition simplify complex processes, BB’s model of Germany 929-1938 is inevitably incomplete. What is missing historically? Complex negotiations re. Weimar cabinets before 1933 The book burnings (1933) The Persecution and expulsion of intellectuals (post-33) The Nazi Olympic games (August 1936) The Hitler/Stalin pact (August 1939) The Spanish civil war July 1936 – March 1939) The Munich agreement (Sept 1938) What is retained? 1 . The NAZI tactic of pseudo-legality , so for instance the Nov 1923 Beer Hall Putsch is referred to as a failed bank robbery. BUT: There’s no mention of Hitler’s electoral support 2. BB suggests that the petty bourgeoisie were forced to support Hitler. . Various political manoeuvrings around Hindenburg are addressed in the play, but Brecht’s portrayal distorts history: In reality the Junkers supporting Hindenburg were not captains of industry, but pre-industrial agricultural landowners, economically archaic, a politically powerful landowning elite. BB solves this problem by giving the cauliflower trust a dual function: they are both industrialists and they also represent the Junkers’ agricultural interests. 4. The ‘Anschluss’ (annexation into the greater German Third Reich in 1938) is portrayed by 8B, but BB gives a different reason for it n the play, so that Ul invades Cicero to allow business to expand its interest and markets. BB ignores the political and nationalist motivation of Hitler’s Anschluss, i. e. bringing the Germans ‘Heim ins Reich’. The play portrays historical figures in characters represent types: social, political, economic, class positions. Dogsborough represents the old right-wing traditional conservatives in Germany, Dollfuss the same in Austria, Trustherren represent the capitalists, and Kleinh ¤ndler represent the middle class. But BB gives hardly any insights into Hitler the person. Although Ui is a ively theatrical character, he’s very one-dimensional, a thug with hardly any charisma. Brecht: using non-realist techniques to penetrate beneath the surface appearance of capitalism to reveal its essential reality, its power strategies and economic relations. Dramatic realism (naturalism): Dismissed by Brecht as too preoccupied with the accuracy of surface details. The realist myth of a ‘slice of life’ Mere reproduction of reality is inadequate. dramatic action is Art as a lamp, not a mirror Illumination, v. reflection Art should draw attention to the conditions and the process of its own production Non-realist’: expose the illusion striven for by naturalist and realist writers and directors, the myth that what they offer an audience (in a theatre, cinema or wherever) is an uncomplicated unmediated â€Å"slice of life†. For Brecht non-realist methods, transcending the limitations of the strictly empirical, the verifiable, were (paradoxically? ) those most appropriate to understanding the true nature of reality, not Just its superficial appearance. Brecht believed he was not anti realism as such, he preferred a different form of realism. In this experimental sense Brecht was both a realist and a modernist. Typical techniques of Brechtian epic theatre in performance 1 . Announcer summarising the events to come. 2. Actors stepping outside their roles, addressing the audience, reminding us we are watching a play 3. Characters singing (as in opera, but to didactic effect) 4. Actors swapping roles (to prevent emotional identification). 5. (In film) Montage Verfremdungseffekt : a practical example SPRING The play of the sexes (regeneration of the species) is renewed Every Spring. The lovers Meet. The gentle embrace Of the lover’s hand makes the Girl’s breast tremble. Her fleeting glance beguiles him. In Spring the countryside Appears to the lovers renewed. The air is already warm. The days grow long and The fields stay light later. In Spring the trees and grass Grow free of inhibition. Fertilisation in the forests and fields gathers pace. And the earth gives birth to the new, Free from care and precaution. From the sound film Kuhle Wampe co-scripted by Brecht, Germany, 1931/2 James Lyon, Brecht and Hollywood Conclusion: Some broader Brecht issues to reflect on: BB’s primary attraction to Marxism was his thirst for greater knowledge and greater understanding of social processes, what he called the â€Å"temptation† of rational hought (Galileo? BB was above all a scientific thinker, who sought rational solutions to social problems. He rejected metaphysics and all forms of irrationalism, and prioritised empirical thought. Precisely because of his apparently total ; exclusive dedication to rationalism BB was worthy of the term UTOPIAN thinker. BB was the ultimate rationalist, more dedicated to the analytical methods of Marxist enquiry than to Marxism ’s practical implementation. Did BB fetishise idolise science? Did he acknowledge its limitations? How appropriate is BB’s work to the post-modern age, when scepticism about the ncritical appliance of science, and thus about the desirability of human progress humankind, seem to dominate the political agenda? How does the above relate to Life of Galileo? Is BB now pass ©, given the end of the Cold war, the demise of â€Å"real existing socialism† in eastern Europe, and the ‘disappearance’ of his chosen German homeland (DDR) after German re-unification in 1990? Or is BB’s project (to inject politics into art and art into politics i. e. to make both activities fun) now even more necessary? Look out for the predilection amongst some TV advert designers for Brechtian self- irony! The essays excerpted in John Willet’s The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht are a good starting-point for investigating Brecht’s views on theatrical practice. From The Modern Theatre is the Epic Theatre (notes on Mahagonny): the ‘shifts of accent’ between dramatic theatre and epic theatre. Wears down his capacity arouses his capacity for for action action provides him with sensations forces him to take decisions experience picture of the world the spectator is involved in he is made to face something omething suggestion argument instinctive feelings are preserved are brought to the point of recognition the spectator is in the thick of it, spectator stands outside, studies shares the the human being is taken inquiry the human being is the object of the for granted eyes on the finish eyes on the course one scene makes another each scene for itself growth montage linear development in curves evolutionary determinism Jumps man as a fixed point man as a process thought determines being social being determines thought feeling reason Brecht on Theatre. How to cite Epic theatre, Papers

Efficient Market Inefficiency of Capitalization †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Efficient Market Inefficiency of Capitalization. Answer: Introduction Troy a venture capitalist founded a hedge fund foundation known as Northwest capital management. The main aim and objective of such organsiation is to minimise the trading risk while infusing money in the market securities. Both public and private money is invested in the hedge fund. Analyst in the present case study discussed about the expectation of Troy regarding the declining housing market with an expectation about growth in the oil market in the future terms. As in general treasury bonds are the fixed income bearing securities issued by the government department for the long range of period. However such type of securities can be freely transferable in the indirect market at the value prevailing at the certain period of time. These are risk free securities. Reviewing upon the direct and indirect nature of treasury bonds it totally depends upon the fact from where the investor has purchased such bonds. Venture capitalist Troy through his hedge fund group Northwest capital management can bid in the primary market or can purchase at a reasonable price in the secondary market (Haugen Baker, 1991). To hedge the risk the asset management company should also invest in some sort of indirect and direct investments. In the present case where the AMC is looking forwards to invest in a debt fund it is sort of direct debt investment with a fixed range of returns. However as far as energy stock is concerned if the AMC is investing in the individual en ergy stocks with its individual screened name then he is certainly investing in the direct securities. But in the case structure if the Troy is investing in the pool of energy stock through foundation trust or mutual funds related to relevant sector then he is investing in the indirect securities (Guercio Reuter, 2014). The AMC Northwest capital management formulated a common pool of securities where he himself and certain investors place their contribution that is to be invested in accordance with a stated objective. The ownership of complete fund is joint and mutual in the particular case. The entry load and management fees of such funds are subdivided among the number of units that are sold in the external market. Troy in the present case faces issues with selecting the fund in the portfolio (Fama French, 2010). He has to regularly switch his investments while viewing the external market opportunities and the current prevailing conditions in the external market. For instance in the present case, the AMC is exiting from the housing group stocks due to future forecast of financial downfall in the particular sector. Alternatively Troy is wishing to invest in the energy segment companies as in the future period certain stock will create a hike as witnessed by external current market situations. Apart from growth prospect, the Asset management company is working out towards the hedging the security risk while diversifying the complete risk among the debt and equity stocks. To work out in the particular area the Northwest capital management group has invested the total pool of funds in the treasury funds which sustains the feature of risk free returns and certain part of money in the energy stocks (Manek, 2016). To further reduce the risk to acceptable investor appetite the fund manager can work out in the direction of investing the funds in the indirect energy securities rather than in direct particular stocks. Indirect security investment in the present task makes sense that fund manager invest in the pool of sartorial securities in certain proportion while reviewing the market Beta factor. Analyst can also trade in the energy sector index funds to work out more effectively and efficiently. It is reviewed that while hedging the risk while utilising the hedge funds might red uce the returns to certain level in the short run but seeking the long term portfolio investment approach and making a risk benefit analysis it has been worked out that investor is in ultimate profitability position at the reduced risk level (Authority, 2015). The analyst has also need to consider the entry and exit load as the frequent switch between the investments might enhance the cost associated with the complete portfolio which ultimately puts a great affect on the overall portfolio returns (Avramov, et. al., 2011). As in the current case scenario investor while infusing his funds in the portfolio of the current AMC suffered loss due to which initial funds invested got reduced to considerable level. This position comes into fact when the investor has placed its complete fund in the particular direct security and not diversifying its portfolio. An investor is advised to not keep all his funds invested in a single security to minimise the investment loss (Arouri Nguyen 2010). Additionally the AMC has not placed the certain portion of investors fund in the risk free treasury bonds. Although these bonds do provide the returns at lower level as comparison to the direct funds but it saves the investor to get his funds eaten up. Northwest capital management should utilise the approach of diversification in its portfolio with overall reference to overall fund management, this makes sense that the fund manager should work out with the number of securities for the purpose of spreading and reducing the risk that sustains in all the financial securities. The risk of portfolio (indirect securities) is considerably lesser than the individual securities (direct securities). Combining security assets in the AMC portfolio should be done in an appropriate manner subject to the degree of correlation between the assets. Troy Dexter needs to minimize the risk by investing the money of the investor in different sector to reduce the risk of loss of money of the investor. The Troy Dexter to minimize the risk of the investor needs to invest in derivative marker t where in future and option minimum lot are fixed. The buying in future and option minimum lots are fixed. The buying in future involves rutting up the margin money a nd minimizing the risk by keeping low margin than the assets value. These contracts are for hedging, arbitration and speculation and for this the investor must open a derivation trading account with a derivative broker. The northwest capital management needs to adopt various hedging strategy to reduce the market risk depending upon the portfolio or the assets which the company is planning to hedge. The Northwest capital management can make the use of the various tools to reduce the market risk which includes constructing the portfolio, volatile hedging and by making the use of the option. These tools are more effective to reduce the risk of the investment. The Northwest capital management company can make the use of modern portfolio theory which diversifies the assets among various groups to reduce the volatility of the investment. The method uses the statistical approach to identify the expected amount of return from the defined amount of risk. The technique identifies the correlation between the various assets and identifies the volatility of the investment for the purpose of creating optimal portfolio to deliver the best result to the investor. Many of the financial institute use the modern portfolio theory for the purpose of risk management practices and provide the curved linear relationship between the risk and the return which the company is earning. The Northwest capital management company can use option which is the other powerful tool for reducing the risk of the investor. For the purpose of hedging the stock with reasonable liquidity can put buy put option for the purpose of protecting against the of downside move. The index option helps in tracking large stock indexes for the purpose of maximizing the return (Manek, 2016). In the above report analyst has discussed about the Venture capitalist Troy who behalf on his personal Asset management company Northwest capital invest the certain amount of funds for his individual and external investor purposes. Depending upon the external market situation and different risk attitudes of his fund investors he switches his funds in the different proportion among the direct and indirect securities. The analyst in the above report detailed about the particular case in which while investing the funds in the direct fund he ends up his total investment amount. Making Norwich Tools lathe investment decision Payback period method The method is the most effective and easiest way of measuring the risk associated with the investment. The payback period measures the duration within which the company will recover the cost made over the investment. The between the two or more project is made on the basis of the project having shorter payback period. This method is easy to use and involves less complexity as it reduce the evaluation to the simple number of year which provide clear picture of the investment (Storesletten, 2003). It helps in identifying the project which delivers faster return and is important of the company possessing limited cash to recover the cash as quickly as possible. It helps in evaluating the project with the smaller investment and avoid conducting the rigorous economic analyse. The method ignores the time value of the money which is one of the major disadvantages of the project and the cash flow may be irregular as most the return occur well until the near future. The project may have expected return but many of the time fail the company minimum requirement of the minimum payback period. The method also doesnt consider the cash flow after the payback period which also plays a critical role on investment. Lathe A Lathe B Year Cash flow Cumulative cash flow Cash flow Cumulative cash flow 0 (660000) (660000) (360000) (360000) 1 128000 (532000) 88000 (272000) 2 182000 (3500000 120000 (152000) 3 166000 (184000) 96000 (156000) 4 168000 (16000) 86000 30000 5 450000 434000 207000 237000 Payback period of Lathe A- 4+16000/450000 =4.0356 years Payback period of Lathe B- 4+56000/486000 =3.6512 years Analyse- after analysing the above two method using the payback period it was identified that Lathe B is much better in comparison to that of Lathe A as it is having shorter payback period. But the method doesnt consider the cash flow after the payback period which is higher in the case of Lathe A. Net present value The method compares the investment which was made today with the present value of the future cash flow and consider the time value of money at the time of measuring the investment. The method considers the cash flow throughout the life of the project thus consider effective over the other method. In the method profitability and the risk of the project are given high priority and it also helps in maximizing company value. The major disadvantage is that it requires lots of complexity at the time of applying the method. The method does not give the adequate result if the amount of the investment is different in the two projects (Olawale, et. al., 2010). Also it creates complexity due to not availability of the adequate discount rate and may not give the correct decision when the project has uneven life. The project with the higher NPV is considered better at the time of decision making. Lathe A Lathe B Year P. v factor P.V of the current cash flow Cash flow P.V of the current cash flow 0 1 (66000) (360000) (360000) 1 0.885 113280 88000 77880 2 0.783 142506 120000 9396 3 0693 115038 96000 66528 4 0.613 102984 86000 52718 5 0.542 243900 207000 112194 NPV 57708 NPV 43280 Analyse from the consideration of the NPV method Lathe A is better in comparison to that of lathe as it is providing higher return to the company. This is because the total cash inflow from the project A is higher than that of project B. Internal rate of return- it is the capital budgeting measuring which helps in making choice between the various investment and is the interest rate at which net present value of the investment is zero. If the IRR exceed the company rate of return than the project should be accepted on the other hand if falls below the project should be rejected. The method makes the perfect use of the concept of the time value of the money and provides importance to all the cash flow (Bhattacharya, 2014). The method doesnt require calculating cost of capital and helps in attaining maximum profitability of the shareholder. The method creates difficulty in the case of two mutually exclusive projects and involves unrealistic assumption. Lathe A = 113280 +142506 + 115038 + 102984 + 243900 /660000 = 1.0874 Lathe B = 77880 + 93960 +66528 +52718 +112194 / 360000 = 1.1202 Analyse- The IRR of the Lathe is better so should be considered for investment. Recommendation By applying above capital appraisal technique it was identified that from the point of view of NPV Lathe A is better, on the other hand from the point of other two methods Lathe B is better. Referencing Arouri, M. E. H., Nguyen, D. K. (2010). Oil prices, stock markets and portfolio investment: evidence from sector analysis in Europe over the last decade.Energy Policy,38(8), 4528-4539. Authority, F. C. (2015). Hedge Fund Survey. Avramov, D., Kosowski, R., Naik, N. Y., Teo, M. (2011). Hedge funds, managerial skill, and macroeconomic variables.Journal of Financial Economics. Bhattacharya, H. (2014).Working capital management: Strategies and techniques. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Fama, E. F., French, K. R. (2010). Luck versus skill in the cross?section of mutual fund returns.The journal of finance. Guercio, D. D., Reuter, J. (2014). Mutual fund performance and the incentive to generate alpha.The Journal of Finance. Haugen, R. A., Baker, N. L. (1991). The efficient market inefficiency of capitalizationweighted stock portfolios.The Journal of Portfolio Management. Manek, V. B. (2016). Mutual Fund Performance: A Study On The Effect Of Portfolio Turnover On Mutual Fund Performance In The Indian Financial Market. Olawale, F., Olumuyiwa, O., George, H. (2010). An investigation into the impact of investment appraisal techniques on the profitability of small manufacturing firms in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Bay Area, South Africa.African Journal of Business Management. Storesletten, K. (2003). Fiscal implications of immigrationA net present value calculation.The Scandinavian Journal of Economics.